Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst – Diagnosis & Treatment
A Thyroglossal Duct Cyst (TGDC) is a common neck swelling that appears due to leftover tissues from thyroid gland development. It usually presents as a small, soft lump in the middle of the neck, especially noticeable when swallowing or sticking the tongue out. Although often harmless, it can get infected, grow larger, or cause discomfort—making proper evaluation essential.
Symptoms
- Midline neck swelling
- Lump that moves when swallowing or tongue movement
- Pain or tenderness (if infected)
- Difficulty swallowing or breathing (in rare cases)
Causes
A thyroglossal duct cyst forms when the thyroglossal tract fails to disappear during fetal development. Over time, this tract can collect fluid, leading to cyst formation.
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Ultrasound of the neck
- CT/MRI (if needed)
- Thyroid function tests
Treatment
The most effective treatment is Sistrunk Surgery, a safe and standard procedure done to remove:
- The cyst
- The entire thyroglossal duct tract
- A small portion of the hyoid bone to prevent recurrence
Why Treatment Is Important
- Prevents repeated infection
- Reduces swelling and discomfort
- Eliminates risk of cyst turning into rare complications
- Improves neck appearance and comfort
Aftercare
- Mild swelling or discomfort for a few days
- Follow-up visit to check healing
- Avoid strenuous neck movements for 1-2 weeks
